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Peer-Reviewed Studies and Scientific Presentations
Devices prior to the advent of the Axon-II technology, developed and patented in the late 1990s, measurements of small pain fiber function were based on correlating current output. The problem is that current output shifts with the skin impedance. For example, the well known polygraph (lie-detector) test includes skin impedance changes along with changes in respiration, heart rate and BP. One of the main reasons the Axon-II technology is much more accurate than EMG/NCV and other tests is that it is based on measuring the voltage causing the Voltage-Gated Na and K Channels of the nerve membrane to initiate and action potential (nerve conduction). Though over 400 studies support the basic physiology of small pain fibers, such as their being stimulated by specific ranges of frequencies (neuroselective frequencies), only the Axon-II and its prototypes have shown clinical applicability. The studies presented below deal with the clinical use of the Axon-II and its prototypes.
PUBLISHED PEER-REVIEWED STUDY
Predicting Nerve Root Pathology With Small Pain Fiber Nerve Conduction Studies (spf-NCS)
This three year class I study on failed back and chronic e A-delta measurements shows 95% sensitivity in detecting nerve-root pathology.
PUBISHED PEER-REVIEWED STUDY
A-delta Analysis Helps Identify Piriformis Syndrome
Summary: This retrospective study of 50 patients found an 80% probability of concomitant piriformis entrapment syndrome when the A-delta NCS detected abnormality at L5 and S1 on the ipsilateral side.
PRESENTED: SCIENTIFIC MEETING – 2002 - AMERICAN SOCIETY OF REGIONAL ANAESTHESIOLOGY (A.S.R.A.) & PAIN MEDICINE
A-delta EDX Gets to the (Nerve) Root of Fibromyalgia
Summary: Using the A-delta NCS, LSU Pain Center found the majority of fibromyalgia patients to have previously undiagnosed nerve-root pathology. Ten treated patients were available for a six month to one-year follow-up and all ten were found to be free of fibromyalgia symptoms.
PRESENTED: AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS – OCT. 10, 2008
Chronic Prostatitis Causing Pelvic Pain Due To Sacral Entrapment
Pain fiber NCS reveals lumbosacral nerve root lesions associated with prosatitis and pelvic pain syndromes. American College of Surgeons. October 10, 2008.
PRESENTED: SCIENTIFIC MEETING – 2008 – AMERICAN ACEDEMY OF PAIN MEDICINE
A-delta Fiber EDX Shows Correlation to VAS Scores
Alex Ambroz, MD Associate Clinical Professor John Marshall University Medical School
PRESENTED: SCIENTIFIC MEETING – 2007- A.A.S.E.M. ANNUAL CONFERENCE
A-delta pathology Correlation to Abnormal Vertebral Motion
Nerve root injury detected by A-delta NCS correlates with abnormal motion (reversed coupled motion) of the vertebral segment above and/or below the injured nerve root.
PRESENTED: SCIENTIFIC MEETING – 2007 - A.A.S.E.M. ANNUAL CONFERENCE
A-delta Analysis
Presentation explains the interpretation of A-delta data using a nomogram. Shows how the patient acts as his own control allowing accuracy approaching 100%, as compared to comparison with population averages with 67% accuracy.
PRESENTED: SCIENTIFIC MEETING – 2008 - A.A.S.E.M. ANNUAL CONFERENCE
Using A-Delta NCS to Target Transforamenal Blocks
A-delta NCS helps to diagnose severity, location and distribution of radiculopathy. Abnormally high A-delta NCS measures indicate significant nerve conduction loss. Abnormally low A-delta NCS measures indicate hyper-esthetic state corresponding with inflamed, irritated or regenerating nerves.
STUDY CORRELATION WITH RADICULOPATHY AND FIBROMYALGIA
European Spine Journal - Study support fibromyalgia is spine related
Study supports a correlation between cervical radiculopathy and fibromyalgia. Treatment of cervical myelopathy in patients with the fibromyalgia syndrome: outcomes and implications. Some patients with fibromyalgia also exhibit the neurological signs of cervical myelopathy. We sought to determine if treatment of cervical myelopathy in patients with fibromyalgia improves the symptoms of fibromyalgia and the patients' quality of life.
STUDY SUPPORT A-DELTA STIMULATION DEPRESSES SYNAPTIC FUNCTION
Online: The Journal of Neuroscience – Supports A-delta stimulation depresses synapses
Title: Low-Frequency Stimulation of Afferent A-delta Fibers Induces Long-Term Depression at Primary Afferent Synapses with Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons in Rats.
STUDY SUPPORTS A-DELTA RESPOND TO HIGHER FREQUENCY THAN C-TYPE FIBERS
Online: A.P.S. Journal of Neurophysiology
Title: Response Properties of Thin Myelinated A-delta Fibers in Human Skin Nerves
Study supports that A-delta fibers respond to higher frequency stimulation than C-Type fibers.
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Sole Distributor and Manufacturer: PainDx, Inc. - Axon-IITM NCSs SystemTM
PHONE: 1-800-766-0884 - E-MAIL: email@nervepathology.com
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This website is not for general public use. It is meant for physician reference only.
Nothing presented is meant to represent or imply use other than the FDA Indication and usage.
FDA Indications and Usage: The Axon-IITM NCSs is a diagnostic device that allows the quantitative detection of various sensory neurological impairments caused by various pathological conditions or toxic substance exposures. The subject population for whom this device can be used for diagnostic purposes includes any individual capable of communicating the perception of cutaneous sensation (with the potentiometer, which has a separate FDA clearance, the test is not dependent on the subject reporting perception of the cutaneous sensation, since the action potential of the nerve firing is detectable by the potentiometer). The Axon-IITM NCSs diagnostic examination may be conducted as part the neurological examination or for screening to detect peripheral neuropathies.
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